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| | Article Abstract | Click to Open | Explosions (and fires) cost the petrochemical and process industry billions in capital equipment replacement and lost production. Preventing such occurrences can be achieved for a fraction of the cost of a single incident and should be employed wherever there is the risk of an explosion. There are several fundamental and basic steps to ensuring that your facility is safe (to an acceptable level) from the risk of an explosion. It is vital that you are able to demonstrate this to insurers and inspection authorities, but it is also a requirement of ‘best practice’ safety and continuous improvement. The following article outlines the basic steps to ensure Explosion Safety. |  |
 | Article Abstract | Click to Open | | Intrinsic safety is a protection concept employed in potentially explosive atmospheres. Intrinsic safety relies on the electrical apparatus being designed so that it is unable to release sufficient energy, by either thermal or electrical means, to cause an ignition of a flammable gas. The energies required to ignite various gas groups have been proven by experimentation. Graphs of this data have been produced, and can be used to indicate safe levels of energy. A very small amount of energy is required to cause an ignition, for example, a mixture of Hydrogen in air requires only 2OuJ of energy. In electrical circuits the mechanism for the release of this ignition energy is one or more of the following.... |  |
 | Article Abstract | Click to Open | An explosion is any uncontrolled combustion wave. In order to create an explosion the has to be fuel (for example and explosive gas such as hydrogen), and oxidizer (such as the oxygen in air) and a source of ignition energy (for example, a hot surface or an electrical spark. These three items are commonly referred to as ‘the fire triangle’ and represented as below. In addition to this, two additional facets are required; something to mix the fuel and the oxidizer (such as the turbulence created in a gas leak under pressure) and containment. It is however common industrial practice to use the term ‘explosion’ for both confined and unconfined combustion..... |  |

| Article Abstract | Click to Open | If you design, manufacture or sell any equipment or protective system intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres you will need to comply with the ATEX Directive 94/9/EC and the CE Marking Directive. Directive 94/9/EC is a directive adopted by the European Union (EU) to facilitate free trade in the EU by aligning the technical and legal requirements in the Member States for products intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. However the directive also specifically identifies excluded equipment which may include some types of Fluid Machinery. Manufacturers will need to examine the areas of applicability and exclusions before determining whether or not the product is subject to the EC Directive 94/9/EC. It will then be necessary to categorise the product by level of risk... |  |


GUIDANCE 
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| Guidance Abstract | Click to Open | | How to do i.s. drawings properly- the minimum information needed by Notified Bodies such as Epsilon. Get it right first time and get faster certification! |  |
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| Guidance Abstract | Click to Open | | Indication of how a report will look using CFD/Explosion modeling software for area classification/major leaks using PHAST. (This was part of an Epsilon Study report that was in excess of 400 pages). |  |
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| Guidance Abstract | Click to Open | | What suppliers /installer should be providing to site/capacity owners with respect to documentation and reports. |  |
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| Guidance Abstract | Click to Open | Documents required for AREA Classification reports./Drawings and Risk Assessment that would satisfy the requiems for an EPD (Explosion Protection Document) or Technical Dossier. |  |
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| Guidance Abstract | Click to Open | Changes that may affect you if you are applying for certification of Ex d Equipment under ATEX or IEC. |  |
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